Sarf - additional letters

المجرد والمزيد من الأسماء

المجرد = The bare / naked
و  = And
المزيد  = The added / increased
من الأسماء  = From the nouns

The Arabic nouns consist of:

1) الاسم المجرد , the noun that made from its root letters only without any additional letter added.

Example:

•      قمر  from the root letters ق م ر
•       برقع  from the root letters ب ر ق ع

2) الاسم المزيد , the noun that is added with a single or more additional letters.

Example:

•   مكرم     from the root letters ك ر م  added with one ( م ) of the additional letters.
•   مقاتل     from the root letters ق ت ل added with two ( م ا ) of the additional letters.
•   مستغفر  from the root letters غ ف ر added with three ( م س ت ) of the additional letters.
•   استغفار from the root letter غ ف ر added with four ( ا س ت ا ) of the additional letters.

The additional letters ( حروف زائدة ) are from these ten letters:

1) الهاء  = ه
2) النون  = ن
3) الالف  = ا
4) الهمزة  = ء
5) الواو  = و
6) التاء  = ت
7) السين  = س
8) اللام  = ل
9) الياء  = ي
10) الميم  = م

Memorised by some in from of : هُنَاءَ وَتَسْلِيْم  or  سَأَلْتَمُوْنِيْهَا