Sarf (Morphology)

In biology, morphology is a branch of bioscience dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.

In Arabic, morphology is the modification that deal with the word's characteristic and its structure to a statement.

There are four types of words that are not included in sarf:

1) Non-Arabic nouns  الأسماء الأعجمية
2) Indeclinable Arabic nouns  الأسماء العربية المبنية
3) Rigid / Aplastic verbs  الأفعال الجامدة
4) The particles  الحروف

Important Note!

All of the above 4 type of words has no root letters and there is no other words derived from the root letters.

Examples :-

1) Non-Arabic noun   تلفون  (telephone) - NO ROOT LETTERS & NO OTHER WORDS DERIVED
2) Indeclinable Arabic noun   الذي  (who / which) - NO ROOT LETTERS & NO OTHER WORDS DERIVED
3) Rigid / Aplastic verb   ليس  (not to be) - NO ROOT LETTERS & NO OTHER WORDS DERIVED
4) The particles   في  (in) - NO ROOT LETTERS & NO OTHER WORDS DERIVED


The only two groups of words used in sarf:

1) Declinable Arabic nouns  الأسماء العربية المعربية
2) Flexible verbs  الأفعال المتصرفة

Important Note!

All of the above 2 type of words have root letters and there are words derived from the root letters.

Examples :-

1) Declinable Arabic noun
    i )  كتاب  (a book) - DERIVED FROM THE ROOT LETTERS ك ت ب
    ii)  مكتبة  (library) - ANOTHER DERIVED WORD FROM THE ROOT LETTERS ك ت ب
2) Flexible verb
    i )  ساأل  (to interrogate) - DERIVED FROM THE ROOT LETTERS س أ ل
    ii)  مسؤول  (responsible) - ANOTHER DERIVED WORD FROM THE ROOT LETTERS س أ ل